Gold Mining for Ceramic and Glass Materials - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGold Mining for Ceramic and Glass Materials. Answer: From the research, I realised that Granites Gold Mine is Located Tanami desert which is 500km North West of Alice Springs. During the production season that was marked with heavy rains that went for about two months, the roads were inaccessible thereby the mine was not in a position to track sufficient amount of diesel and this probably led to lower productions. However, this problem can be overcome by the use of a gas pipeline overcome this problem since when the installation is successful, there will be an assurance of improved security of supply of electricity thereby eliminating the carbon impression quite meaningfully(Reinhardt, 2014). In Newmonts Tanami, there was a necessity of extracting an additional decline since with an underground system, there will be an increased amount of produce annually. This increase is approximated to shoot from 2.6 to 2.8 million tonnes per year. At the gold mine, the total cost of producing an ounce of gold is approximated to be $1,000. But with the expected revamp project, the cost of this project will be increased in terms of the product while the product cost per ounce will be slightly lower by $50, this means that the proposed system will be of much benefit economically. The mine is anticipating to complete an approximation of 3.3 kilometres of exploration drilling over the coming three years. This is quite commendable(Nanni, 2014). Another scenario presented is on the Kalgoorlie super pit whose mine life is expected to be due by 2019. This is roughly two years from now whereas the combined operation that includes the Mount Charlotte underground mine its lifetime is expected to be due by 2029. This means that the company will be in search of other mining areas. From the research, I was able to find that the company will be undertaking further exploration drilling to find more gold. The area that this will take place is three drill rigs located adjacent to the Super Pit lookout(Berga, 2011). However, this will be after a consideration of the possibilities of good fruits in future .else, it will be needless as the investments may go into waste(Han, 2017). The world largest alluvial mine Hart's Range Garnet Mine is located in Australia, in the central desert region of the northern territory. Its latitudinal and longitudinal geographical positions are WGS84, at 22 58' 12'' South and 134 26' 54'' East respectively. I learnt that garnet is a material which has the property of high abrasion and mostly it is used in industrial processes. Besides, this material has a high-pressure cleaning agent. Two of the major garnet mines are situated in Australia. The garnet mines are five in number while the other three garnet mines are located in India .this means that there is a fair distribution of the mineral worldwide. The Red Centre garnet mine located in around the future of the Harts Range garnet mine which is just some few kilometres on the northeastern part of Alice Springs. The mine has separation plant located on the outside of Alice Springs but they are connected and it is operational(Hensher, 2016). Despite this fact, I realized that the red centre garnet was not in a position to attain the nameplate capacity thereby having a negative impact on the operation at the mine. For instance, many of the employees were rendered jobless at that time and various stakeholders fired. Probably they were the course for all these(Shackelford, 2007). As I went further with my research work I realized that four underground coal mines in Queensland failed to meet their obligations to monitor coal dust thereby suffering the fate of being closed. This was due to the renaissance of the black lung disease. Most notably as I did my research were the comments made by Dr James Whelan who apparently was a researcher with Environmental Justice Australia. The doctor did comment on the laxity by the Queensland Government particularly on the issue of coal dust. Besides he went ahead to comment that despite the laxity, the number of particle pollution which results in more deaths even than the accidents from a motor vehicle is on the rise(Mertz, 2008). Moreover, a recommendation was brought forth by Dr Whelan asking the Queensland government to consider the New South Wales Government Hunter Valley model since it could help alleviate the challenges of air pollution by monitoring and thus will be effective in identifying those who do not comply with the set rules on pollution(Mindess, 2014). Besides, the doctor seems to be infuriated by the fact the government is reluctant and t is like the government is not ready to welcome the reforms on air pollution. The doctor seems passionate due to the side effects, perhaps and therefore is on the forefront of pushing for the reforms(Bundschuh, 2010). The 3.75% royalty rate in Western Australia will have a greater impact on about 50 operating gold mines. Mr Peter Cook is the managing director of holdings in WA's Mid-West. From this article, I was able to know the current price of gold which stands at $A1200 per ounce. Dust monitoring obligations are significant for any nation. Some of the gold mines that may face closure due to their resilience on the meeting of the standards in Queensland includes Glencoes Oaky North, Oaky No.1 at Tieri, Anglo's Moranbah North and Grosvenor that is located in the north-west part of Rockhampton. This is because these mines did not oblige to the coal dust level monitoring during the second quarter of the year. Besides, quite a large number of coal miners located in Queensland have been diagnosed with black lung disease. The number stands at 23(Montesinos, 2012). References Naaman, R., 2014. mining 5th ed. Chicago: CRC Press. Antonio, Z., 2014. Gold mining in TANAMI. 3rd ed. Carlisle: CRC Press. Baoguo, O., 2017. Smart and Multifunctional Concrete Towards Sustainable Infrastructures. 5th ed. Westminster: Springer, Berga, L., 2011.garnet mines 21st Century. 3rd ed. Chicago: Taylor Francis,. Bton, F., 2007. FRP Reinforcement in RC Structures. 4th ed. new york: fib Fdration Internationale du bton. Clarke, J., 2009. Alternative Materials for the Reinforcement and Prestressing of Concrete. 4th ed. Westminster: CRC Press, Gustavo, R., 2012. Gold mining companies. 2nd ed. Chicago: Springer Science Business Media. Hensher, A., 2016. Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures:. 3rd ed. Carlisle: Elsevier, James, D., 2007. Ceramic and Glass Materials: Structure, Properties and Processing. 2nd ed. Carlisle: Springer Science Business Media. Jochen, A., 2010. Introduction to the Numerical Modeling of Groundwater and Geothermal Systems:. 3rd ed. Westminster: CRC Press. Mertz, R., 2008. Minerals and applications, 2nd ed. new york Transportation Research Board. Mindess, S., 2014. Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of STRUCTURES. 5th ed. new york Elsevier.

Courses Essays - Curricula, Course, Bachelors Degree,

Courses Good And Bad In colleges there are good and bad courses that people take. Some of them are happy to take those classes and some of them are not, like me. I took many courses from a college and now I can compare which courses are good or which courses are bad. The good courses are the ones that are electives, which you are not required to take. On the other hand, the bad courses are the ones you must take. Those courses that you must take are the general education courses. Which are history, Psychology, Math, Etc. They are bad because you are forced to take those courses but the good classes are the optional courses that you are not forced to take. It gives you comfort when you do not have to do something but you want to do it anyway. I think this is the same with courses too. When you have to do something you do not learn anything but when you want something you learn a lot of things. Bad courses are hard to understand. At least they are hard to understand for me because English is not my first language and does not matter how well I speak or if I know English, I still have problems with it. Especially in history courses. Sometimes I do not understand a word because they are using old English. But in good courses I can understand easily such as computer classes. My major is computer so I know a little bit about computers. It does not matter how much you know because it is always the same. It uses the same language. Time passes so quickly that you do not even understand that the class is finished in good courses because it is enjoyable and easy to understand. In the required courses you start to count the seconds, since you get into the class because it is boring and you have to deal with boring teachers. You don't understand a word that the teacher says. Teachers are so serious that they don't even make jokes or let you talk in the class. They just start lecturing from the beginning till the end of the class. These are the major comparison on the things about the good and the bad courses in college. No matter which college you go to, there will be always two kinds of courses. I feel sorry because I have to take those bad courses although I do not want to.

Free Essays on Dark Lady

One of the many intriguing aspects of Shakespeare's Sonnets is the identity of the principal characters within them, of which there are three: The Young Man, the Dark lady, and the Rival Poet. Nowhere in the Sonnets are these people explicitly identified and their anonymity has spawned much debate as to who these people could have been. The content of the Sonnets that refer to these people however, undoubtedly show that these were indeed real, living people and not imaginary inventions by the author for the sake of literary exercise. â€Å"They are love poetry beyond what was considered love poetry by the Petrarchan sonneteers [†¦] they are, often, ingenious exercises in wit-verbal, rhetorical, logical. They are not in any way poems meant to be overheard. They speak, most of the time, to a persona, perhaps invented, and perhaps derived, in some way from an actual person. They are lyric poems, expressing mainly feelings that any capable reader can respond to as profound and true. But they are poems of the second voice, poems addressed to an audience of one or more [†¦] The persona of the hearer enables the reader to participate in the poem in a more active way than is possible for the [sic] over hearer [†¦] this is the kind of poem that only a dramatist could write. Even in the compass of the sonnets, all the worlds a stage†(Hallett 79). This is something that every critic of Shakespeare’s sonnets knows. But what is still questionable is who he is saying everything too. In most love poems he has a certain listener in mind. In Shakespeare’s case he writes to two people, â€Å"A young man who is fair and socially and morally superior, and a woman who is dark, dishonest, and down right damnable†(Malabika 347). Sonnets 127-152 are mostly directed to the dark lady. Shakespeare describes her as â€Å"black as hell, with black eyes and brow, and black wires in place of hair on her head†(Malabika 347). He says this about her but yet tal... Free Essays on Dark Lady Free Essays on Dark Lady One of the many intriguing aspects of Shakespeare's Sonnets is the identity of the principal characters within them, of which there are three: The Young Man, the Dark lady, and the Rival Poet. Nowhere in the Sonnets are these people explicitly identified and their anonymity has spawned much debate as to who these people could have been. The content of the Sonnets that refer to these people however, undoubtedly show that these were indeed real, living people and not imaginary inventions by the author for the sake of literary exercise. â€Å"They are love poetry beyond what was considered love poetry by the Petrarchan sonneteers [†¦] they are, often, ingenious exercises in wit-verbal, rhetorical, logical. They are not in any way poems meant to be overheard. They speak, most of the time, to a persona, perhaps invented, and perhaps derived, in some way from an actual person. They are lyric poems, expressing mainly feelings that any capable reader can respond to as profound and true. But they are poems of the second voice, poems addressed to an audience of one or more [†¦] The persona of the hearer enables the reader to participate in the poem in a more active way than is possible for the [sic] over hearer [†¦] this is the kind of poem that only a dramatist could write. Even in the compass of the sonnets, all the worlds a stage†(Hallett 79). This is something that every critic of Shakespeare’s sonnets knows. But what is still questionable is who he is saying everything too. In most love poems he has a certain listener in mind. In Shakespeare’s case he writes to two people, â€Å"A young man who is fair and socially and morally superior, and a woman who is dark, dishonest, and down right damnable†(Malabika 347). Sonnets 127-152 are mostly directed to the dark lady. Shakespeare describes her as â€Å"black as hell, with black eyes and brow, and black wires in place of hair on her head†(Malabika 347). He says this about her but yet tal...

Incidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Incidents - Essay Example As an autoethnographic text, however, Incidents also demonstrates that Linda, the main character, has a very clear idea of her own cultural identity, and that that cultural identity is in large part imposed upon her from beyond her control. As a black salve girl, she is expected to fit those cultural norms regardless of anything else in her life, and she recognizes that she must take every step she can to navigate theses issues throughout her life. Linda’s family situation is one of the main things that creates an autoethnographic understanding of herself. A child is usually innocent with the social environment during the early stages of his/her life. However, as time passes, a child is faced with the inevitable task of acknowledging the state of affairs surrounding his/her life. For Linda this meant one thing: dealing with the situation of slavery, which she experiences almost entirely through the lens of her family. The story Incidents is, in large part, the story of Lindaâ €™s growing understanding of her family. ... Linda admires her grandmothers hardworking nature and appreciates all the efforts she made while trying to free her family from bondage. This aspect of hard work and objectivity in her grandmother chores even as a slave encouraged Linda in many aspects of her life. It is through the lenses of these stories about family that Linda begins to understand her own cultural identity – her cultural understanding of self is constantly influenced by the way her family describes their interactions with slave owners. In every slavery situation, the victim faces unfair and unjustified treatment from their masters. Such mistreatments extend from basic acts of discrimination to other inhumane acts. In her narration about the condition surrounding the childhood life of her mother, the girl highlights this act of oppression on the relationship between her mother and the grandmother’s mistress daughter. Linda’s maternal grandmother was used as the foster mother of her motherâ€⠄¢s mistress. After birth, her mother as weaned from her grandmother so as to give the mistress the chance to be breast fed sufficiently by her grandmother. In the story, Linda is bitter about this content and feels that the people who at the same time pretended to care for her mistreated her mother as a child. Linda’s identity formation process is not solely centered on her blood family, however. Her extended family in the form of other slaves, and especially god-parents, leads in large part to Linda understanding her cultural place in the world. Jacobs illustrates the roles played by the people who care about us in life. Jacobs is not different to the significance of Linda’s mother mistress in taking care of her and her sibling. As we can witness from the text,

Clement Greenbergs Past Theories of Post-Modernism Essay

Clement Greenbergs Past Theories of Post-Modernism - Essay Example The essay "Clement Greenberg’s Past Theories of Post-Modernism" gives a review of Clement Greenberg’s past theories of post-modernism. Within the context of the stated, the research aims to respond to the question of the applicability of Greenberg’s post-modernism theory to contemporary photographic art. In an attempt to satisfy the stated purposes, the research will first overview Greenberg’s writings, following from which it will define and discuss the concepts of modernism and postmodernism. It will also look towards the works of female photographers and critically analyse the works of three photographers. Prior to proceeding, it is necessary to clarify that the essay focuses on female photographers and the feminist artistic movement. The said approach/focus was determined by the importance of establishing a clear and precise focus for this research and, secondly, by the fact that the feminist movement, especially in the arts, is often argued to have be en enabled by both modernism and postmodernism, on the one hand, and to have promoted and popularised modernism and postmodernism, on the other. In Greenberg's Early Criticism, there is an emphasis on the dominance of literature over other arts. As far as he was concerned, Klee's work is representative of the continual struggle which visual art has with literature. Within the context of the stated, in Greenberg's Early Criticism, the canvas is the product of a struggle and conflict. Harmony is important to Greenberg, but not at the expense of intensity.

Effects of the financial crisis on various UK industries

Effects of the financial crisis on various UK industries Economic Report The above graph shows the FTSE 100 index in the 5 years to the 14th October 2010.   The index value at any particular time is based on the share prices of the top one hundred by value with each organisation being weighted in proportion to its total market value (Pike, Neale, p.38 2009).   Despite this index only being a small percentage of the total companies in the United Kingdom it generally reflects the performance of much of the market. Prior to the financial crisis of 2008 leading to the crash in the markets-shown in the first quarter of 2009-investment in government debt was regarded as relatively risk free.   It is a sign of the fragile economy situation globally that investors no longer view such investments as a sure thing (Oakley, 2010).   This credit crisis has prompted investors to proceed with caution and despite initial positive trends the principles which underpinned investments in the past have been shattered resulting in large scale political reforms throughout much of the Western World (Future of investing, FT).   The suggestion of an unsteady recovery is reinforced by a recent article in the Economist which states that,   Big asset busts are usually followed by years of weakness as the over-borrowed repair their balance-sheets.   Experience suggests that several years of slow growth lie ahead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oct. 7th 2010 It goes on to state that the reactive measures will be the biggest synchronised fiscal tightening on record.   Governments worldwide have had their hand forced in to budget cuts and other measures to sustain growth out of the crisis.   Whilst this statement points to and assures uncertainty should be highlighted that growth albeit at a slow pace is thought to be likely. The current economic situation, specifically in the United Kingdom, is underlined by the massive growth in unemployment.   Gilmore comments that the number of workless households has increased to 3.9 million over the last two years an increase of 389,000 (2010, p 39).   Furthermore, high profile cutbacks remain prevalent with Boots and Hewlett-Packard announcing combined cuts of 2,200 workers in the UK alone (Clark, 2010; Felsted 2010).   Whilst over the past two years there has been an overall escalation in unemployment there are some signs of improvement.   The three months to July 2010 witnessed the number out of employment fall to 2.47 million (Gilmore, 2010). It can be said that the current times are very uncertain and on that account the correct investment strategy will be vaguer than ever before.   For that reason, the general investment strategy which will be employed is buy and hold.   Not all investments will be made in this manner, however, for the most part this logic will be applied.   The buy and hold approach can be justified by looking at the market trend since the FTSE 100 began in 1984: It can be seen that after a dip such as in 1987 and in 2000 that the market tends to recover so despite the fragile economic situation a recovery, albeit a slow one as mentioned previously, can be envisaged. Sector Reviews Sector: Power The power sector is one of the main constituents of the FTSE 100. Utilities and Oil Gas alone make up 14 of the 104 constituents which complete the index, together counting for nearly a quarter of the net market capitalisation for all the industries included. It can therefore be deduced that any reasonable change in the power sector as a whole has a great influence on the performance of the top one hundred FTSE listed companies (FTSE Fact Sheet, 2010). For consideration, the sector has been split in to three main sub-sectors: mining, water utilities and oil gas. All three sub-sectors witnessed their three year minimum around 2009 and have recovered strongly since with one exception to be covered in more detail: oil gas. Mining The recovery can be expected to continue in the mining sector as commodity prices continue to rise. One of the major mined commodities, gold, has seen prices soar in recent times increasing nearly six fold since 2001 (Post1, 2010) to its current levels of $1361.20 per ounce. The market expects this price will continue to rise amid speculation that the United States government will commence quantitative easing once more (Murchie, 2010). Barrick Gold and Anglo Gold Ashanti have recently raised equity to eliminate bad hedges and does not expect to return to hedging at any price (Yahoo! Finance, 2010). Thus, both organisations expect the price of gold to continue to rise therefore gold companies with proven reserves are likely to increase in value. This theory is reinforced by a Goldman Sachs analyst, writes Alistair Dawber, who predicts that Gold will hit $1,650 within a year (Independent, 2010). Water and Utilities Water and Utilities in the United Kingdom show a strong recovery after the first quarter of 2009 also receiving boosts from an exceptionally cold winter. Profits of ScottishPower rose 7.9% last year due to the bitterly cold winter and Britains biggest supplier of gas and electricity witnessed profits soar 46% to  £554 million (Macallister, 2010). The Met office commented that it had been the coldest winter in thirty years (2010). Long term forecasts predict that this winter will be colder than average with more precipitation than would be the norm. Should this hold true then share prices will increase on the back of higher demand for gas and electricity which eludes to the sector share prices to trend upwards. Oil and Gas The first graphic representation shows the FTSE 350 index for Oil and Gas producers. A sustained recovery from the low in late 2009 was seen until Q2 of 2010 which observed a sharp decline. This deterioration is largely due to the Deepwater Horizon disaster and its effects are clear. BP (formerly British Petroleum) are the second largest company in the FTSE 100 index (FTSE Fact Sheet, 2010) so any change in share price will have a large influence on both the sector and the whole economy. The second graph shows the correlation between the BP share price and the FTSE 350 Oil and Gas. The cost to BP, who are regarded as being ultimately responsible for the disaster, amounts to a pre-tax charge of $32,192 million. This amount relates to all costs sustained in relation to the Gulf of Mexico oil spill and the commitment to cover any future costs which BP feel they can estimate reliably (BP, 2010). As the cost of the disaster has already been absorbed by the company and the markets, assumi ng there is no further outfall, it can be expected that the market will continue to trend upwards and back towards its previous average. On this basis, the sector can be considered as a relatively safe investment. There is potential for very large returns within this sector however they arise with considerable risk. Those with a higher risk appetite may seek to invest in the companies partaking in the oil exploration taking place in the Falkland Islands. Investment Due to the positive nature of all three sectors in this uncertain economic period it has been decided that all three sub-sectors outlined will provide investment opportunities. This facilitates potential for excellent gains but at the same time it utilises one of the main strategies for managing risk, diversification (Jaeger, 2002, p.235). Sector: Transport and Leisure Transport and leisure is a broad ranging sector including companies such as Babcock International Group who specialise in a wide range of areas including defence to organisations such as First Group who are a leading transport operator in the UK and North America (First Group). As it is such a broad sector transport and travel and leisure will be combined due to the similar nature of the two sub-sectors. Food Beverages has been discounted for ethical reasons. Aerospace and Defence As much of this sub-sectors revenue comes from government spending, Aerospace Defence at first appeared to be a wise choice for investment although on closer inspection this was proved not to be the case.   This sector was eventually discounted largely due to the expected cuts in government spending in the United Kingdom and abroad which will have an influence on companies which rely on this spending to maintain profitability and current share price levels.   For example, Babcock International Groups revenues are 80% U.K based (Hoyos, 2010) which in the current climate is too much exposure to a single market.   The FTSE 350 index Aerospace and Defence shows the volatility across the sector throughout 2010. Automobiles and Parts Outside of the main organisations in this sector there is only comparatively small amount of information available outside of the major companies. Where the majors are concerned, a case could be constructed for investment however these are outweighed by the potential risks. In recent times there has been many disrupting events which have an effect on the volatility of share prices within the sub-sector. Three major car manufacturers, including one trading in the UK-Toyota, have announced large scale recalls. Toyota was forced to recall 10.9 million cars in the US and Canada (Simon, 2010) whilst both BMW and Dailmler AG have recalled a combined 698,800 vehicles. (Sky News, 2010)(WSJ, 2010). As well as the turbulent recalls demand for new cars in the UK has fallen and it is not expected that they will return to peak levels. Between 2007 and 2009 the amount of new cars purchased fell from 2.4 million to 1.9 million-of which 285,000 were purchased at a heavily discounted level under the Governments scrappage scheme (Sky News, 2010). The article goes on to state that sales figures are not expected to increase above 2 million for the next three years which would allude to a levelling of share prices at current levels. Food and Beverage The low which the FTSE 350 Food and Beverage experienced in March 2009 coincided with the bottom of the FTSE100, however, the dip was not as severe and the immediate recovery was swift and strong.   Whilst these are promising signs there has been a stagnation.   In Q2 and Q3 of 2010 the index has   fallen from its high of 541.81 in mid April to a its current level of 528.69 (Yahoo finance, 18th October).   In the same period the FTSE 100 after suffering from an initial drop recovered strongly and is now showing a positive growth curve in the short term.   It can be concluded that the performance of the sector as a whole is not matching that of other sectors which are performing well. An example of a poor performer in this sector would be Punch Taverns which is one of the largest pub companies in the United Kingdom (Punch Taverns, 2010). Shares in Punch Taverns are down over 15% in the last 52 weeks (Interactive Investor Trading, 2010). Travel Leisure A graph of the FTSE 350 index over the previous 5 years is shown. It can be seen that from its peak in 2007 there has been a huge loss in market capitalisation across the travel and leisure sector however this was met with a strong recovery from mid 2009 onwards and this trend looks to continue. The upwards movement of this index is underpinned by growth in many of the major companies in the sector such as British Airways, Ryanair Holdings and Easyjet. This shows growing investor confidence in one of the most troubled industries of the past 10 years. Investment It is this confidence and steady sustained growth within sub-sector four that makes the Travel and Leisure sub-sector the advised choice for investment however the other sectors will provide some potential for investment should an appropriate company be identified. Retailers UK retail sector employees around 3 million people. It is the 3rd largest in the world after USA and Japan. On a whole the retail sector generates around 8% of the UK GDP. 1 in 10 of the people in employment currently works in the retail sector. Shops account for more than a third of consumer spending; due to this the retail sector is very important to how the economy on a whole performs. Usually if there is a drop in retail, the GDP of the economy would be affected greatly as well. The year 2007 marked the beginning of the credit crisis which resulted in the UK facing an economic downturn. This affected many companies, including Woolworths. Woolworths before the credit crisis was one of the major companies in the retail sector. Due to the crisis, which lasted from 2007-2009, Woolworths went into administration on the 26th November 2008. During late 2009 market the end of the period of the recession, which allowed the retail sector to improve its growth, as shown in the graph below. Investment The retail sector is ideal because of its high growth before the credit crisis, this sector is now quickly recovering and should be expected to be at a high growth as before the credit crisis. There should be high growth especially during the Christmas period. The House leisure Personal Goods sector would be an inappropriate option in my opinion because it involves lots of manual and material costs. This sector will also gain lower growth unlike the retail sector, which should have higher growth. Telecommunications The telecommunication sector offers a wide variety of jobs and is an important sector for the economy. The UK is one of the leading locations for telecommunication in Europe. In recent times, the competition between telecommunication companies has sharply risen since the early 1990s. This is due to the rapidly increasing use of phone lines, internet and mobiles etc. This sector also was affected with the credit crisis during late 2007 as shown below on diagram. One of the largest companies in the telecommunications sector BT faced their third-quarter profits had been reduced to 81 per cent. This was due to the poor performance from the BTs IT network division. BT had also had to write off a lot of its contracts which resulted in a loss of  £336 million. But it should be considered that this was due to the credit crisis, now that the crisis is finished, most companies should start to develop more growth in the telecommunication sector. Investment Telecommunications is constantly developing through mobile devices, video calling and other services. Todays technology has an impact on the telecommunication sector, such as Apple, that supplies innovative telecommunication service through its Iphone. There telecommunication service offers many new services, which suggest this sector would be ideal for strong growth The Tech Hardware sector involves lots of constant research that includes innovation and development, which could involve lots of costs in this sector. The Electronic Electronic Equipment sector involves large costs of investment because of the development and material costs involved, you must take into consideration of the current competiveness in the market today. This sector makes up for 4 per cent of the Europeans municipal waste, which is growing three times faster than any other waste management system, as discussed by Waste online website. It would not be recommended to invest in the Media sector because of the competiveness in this market. Current organisations in the media sector are losing out from customers, due to the vastly availability of free media available online. Pharmaceuticals Biotechnology Sector: Chemicals General The pharmaceuticals and biotechnology sector is a massive industry, there are many companies involved with the field. The value of the global pharmaceutical market is expected to grow 5-7 percent in 2011, to $880 billion, compared with a 4-5 percent pace this year, according to IMS Health. The sector divides itself into two sub-sectors. Pharmaceutical companies: Develop and manufacture prescription and over-the-counter drugs (aspirin, cold remedies, birth control pills), as well as vaccines. Biotechnology companies: Create new biological substances for use in drugs and diagnosing tools through research and development. The sector is mainly occupied by small, extremely specialised, research firms. As these companies dont have a normal income flow, but rely more upon new discoveries to help fund future research any breakthroughs or licensing arrangements. As this can lead to large revenues which may help fund even further research. On the other hand due to the small size of the businesses any delays in acquiring funding may cause cash flow problems. Along with this trading can be very irregular as new discoveries can cause share prices to rocket. There has been a trend in the pharmaceutical industry whereby small biotechnology companies are carrying out the premature work on new discoveries, before selling their work to the industry leaders, which is quite similar to an outsourcing model. The end result allows the product to be sold in large quantities to a global market. The industry has seen very drastic changes over the past few quarters, since performance was affected by factors such as generic competition. The next 5 years suggest a major change between the introduction of new products and patent loses. One of the main reasons why the global pharmaceutical market growth, will be limited to 5-8% through 2014 is because over the next five years. Products that generate sales upwards of $142 billion will eventually face competition from generic products. Also upcoming products are not likely to reach the same amount of sales, as products lose their patent protection. Fig 1. The above graph shows the FTSE-350 of the Pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector over a period of 4 years. You can see the affects of the credit crisis in the first quarter of 2008, after this there is a slight increase in the market however the market crashes in the first quarter of 2009. Overall the sector produced total revenues of $615.1billion in 2008. One of the most profitable sectors of the market in 2008 was cardiovascular which was worth 19.8% of the markets total value. That is equivalent to $121.7 billion. Forecasts suggest that the growth of the market is set to shrink with a likely CAGR of 3.6% fro, 2008-2013. This should cause the value of the market to increase to $734 by the end of 2013. Top ten companies top 10 pharma bio.jpg Emerging Markets Other recent trends include focusing on emerging markets such as the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). This is due to sales in emerging markets that have been growing at faster rate than sales in the established markets (IMS, 2010). Within the next five years these emerging markets will generate as much revenue as the traditional markets such as the U.S. market (largest pharmaceutical market) along with Europe and Japan. Source: IMS health Construction Materials Sector: Industrials materials This sector includes companies that are involved with discovering, developing and processing raw materials and mining/refining of metals, chemicals and forestry. Due to this sector supplying materials for construction, it heavily relies on a strong economy. This sector can also be very unpredictable as it is vulnerable to supply and demand due to prices of raw materials such as gold. In general construction activity declined rapidly by 10.5% in 2009. Estimates backed by fragile private sector housing, industrial and commercial property activity suggest a further fall of 1.6% in 2010. The most profitable in the sector over the past year was infrastructure and public non-housing (such as schools) which increased by 10% and 25% Recent data shows slight signs of recovery in the private sector, particularly in new housing. This is backed up by survey evidence which shows a slight increase in housing activity in the final quarter of 2009 construction2.jpg In 2010, private sector housing activity is expected to show further signs of a gradual recovery, but recent signs of increased investor confidence in commercial property may not translate into stronger activity until 2011. This is shown in the graph below. contruction 1.jpg Review Public housing: Weak activity in the private sector has caused output in this sector to have fallen in 2009. However due to the governments drive to help increase affordable housing there are signs of increase in the second half of 2009. Public housing is expected to rise around 6-7% within the next two years. Private housing: Output for private housing was forecasted to drop by nearly 30% last year. Forecasts suggest the recovery period will be gradual. Housing indicators also show recovery in house prices and mortgage approvals. Output in this sector is set to rise to 1% this year pushing it to 10% in 2011 Infrastructure and public non-housing: This sector is continuously growing over the past year this has been due to a number of high- profile projects such as road and rail projects across the UK, the schools building programme and the 2012 Olympics Private commercial and industrial: Over 25% of output has plunged since last year in this sector according to forecasts. Even though there has been interest to investors in this specific sector. Output will likely increase again in 2010, as the commercial sector underperformed industrial, before it returns to normal growth. Repair maintenance: As the current economic situation is slowly recovering, maintenance and private repair are expected to stabilise and eventually grow in 2011. However its different story for public repair and maintenance as its easier to push back spending on this area than make a cut in new high- profile investments Chemicals General including:- Support Services Tobacco Industrials Materials including:- Industrial Transportation Industrial General Industrial Engineering Sector: Chemicals General Sub Sector 1: Chemicals The chemical industry is very crucial to UK manufacturing as it provides the essential compounds for the manufacturing processes and the also the large number of jobs it creates. The industry is equivalent to 1.5%GDP. UKs manufacturing industry total sales of  £62.62bn over the period of 2005 to 2009. However when the economy fell into recession one of the key sectors to be hit by this was manufacturing which the chemical industry is a key supplier of. This sector is highly competitive which has lead to a great deal of mergers and acquisitions. Majority of the major companies in the UK industry are global players which are focused on core ` activities which involve specialised synthesis or final formulation of products. Before the economic recession growth was steady and would have increased over a period of time, however due to the sluggish growth of the UK economy and also globally. Growth will stay reasonably restrained in 2011-2012. Along with the dire state of the governments finance which will eventually lead to tax rises and spending cuts. Therefore this subsector will not be a profitable investment. However export markets in emerging economies are more likely to successful. Sub Sector 2: Health Care Equipment Services The Healthcare industry is broken down into smaller groups such as medical devices, laboratory equipment, system and technology and associated services such as management, training and education. The majority of companies that operate in the UK are foreign-owned mostly American. This sector exports up to  £4bn worth of products and services annually into the global market. Overall this sector is growing extremely fast as there are so many countries working to improve their health care services and facilities. The main reason to the UKs growing presence in the global market is down to the positive relationship between the government, the industry, NHS and private sectors. Along with the well developed health care infrastructure. One of the main themes of the healthcare industry has become cost reduction this is due to the difficult economic times. It is very crucial that the organisations look for new ways to help decrease costs. Therefore this sub sector will not be a profitable investment.

The Dominance of Gothic Architecture in The High Middle Ages Essay

When one sees the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral in person or in pictures they are likely to be awestruck. The twin towers of the western faà §ade rise high into the sky, seemingly in an attempt to scrape heaven. Spiky arches seem to grow out of the sides and claw at the ground. Inside it is cavernous with colored light filtering in through the large, intricate stained glass windows. All of these physical qualities make Notre Dame a prime example of Gothic architecture. It does not stand alone in that distinction. One is also likely to see several hundred examples of this style on varying scales throughout Europe. Because, despite its humble origins, Gothic architecture became the standard for religious buildings in the early 11th century thanks to innovative use of new and old design techniques which resulted in majestic buildings that symbolized the builder’s version of heaven. To understand the appeal of Gothic architecture at the time, it is critical to start in the small suburb of Paris called St. Denis. There, lived a worldly member of the monastery named Abbot Suger. When he took over as Abbot in 1122, his first priority was to â€Å"fatten the monastery’s purse† (Gilgoff 59). He was able to procure more land for the abbey through royal donations and even won favor for one of the region’s large annual trade events. Thus, with the revenues he had collected, â€Å"he felt justified in spending lavishly† (Gilgoff 59). But, in his heart, he was very religious and sought to create a welcoming environment for his parishioners and saw the need to expand the church because â€Å"The narrowness of the place forced the women to run toward the altar upon the heads of men as upon a pavement with much anguish and noisy confusion" (Gilgoff 59... ...ic lighting thanks to intricate stained glass windows. These glorious structures built by some of the humblest of men have offered a vestige of the divine for people in the past and the present and will carry on into the future. â€Æ' Works Cited Bony, Jean. French Gothic Architecture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983. Frankl, Paul. Gothic Architecture. Yale University Press, 1962. Gilgoff, Dan. "GOTHIC GLOW. (Cover story)." U.S. News & World Report 134.23 (2003): 59. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. "Gothic architecture and art." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2009): 1-3. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. Scott, Robert. The Gothic Enterprise: A Guide to Understanding the Medieval Cathedral. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2003.